Centos7 下安装 Docker 详细过程

忘是亡心i 2021-12-09 14:55 394阅读 0赞

**1、安装虚拟机centos7,root 登录查看内核信息：**

[root@localhost ~]#  uname -r
    
    Linux localhost 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

docker官方说至少3.8以上，建议3.10以上（ubuntu下要linux内核3.8以上）。

**2、使用 root 权限登录 Centos, yum 包更新到最新。**

[root@localhost ~]# yum update
    
    
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
     * extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
     * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.0.6-27.el7 will be obsoleted
    ---> Package NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 will be obsoleting
    ---> Package NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.0.6-27.el7 will be updated
    ---> Package NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 will be an update
    ---> Package NetworkManager-ppp.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 will be obsoleting
    ---> Package NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.0.6-27.el7 will be updated
    ---> Package NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 will be an update
    ---> Package NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.0.6-27.el7 will be updated
    ---> Package NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 will be an update
    ---> Package acl.x86_64 0:2.2.51-12.el7 will be updated
    ........
    
    
    Replaced:
      NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.0.6-27.el7              grub2.x86_64 1:2.02-0.29.el7.centos             grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.02-0.29.el7.centos
      pygobject3-base.x86_64 0:3.14.0-3.el7             rdma.noarch 0:7.2_4.1_rc6-1.el7
    
    Complete!

**3、卸载旧版本(如果安装过旧版本的话)**

[root@localhost ~]# sudo yum remove docker  docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine

**4、安装需要的软件包， yum-util 提供yum-config-manager功能，另外两个是devicemapper驱动依赖的**

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
    
    
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
     * extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
     * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
    Package device-mapper-persistent-data-0.7.3-3.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
    Package 7:lvm2-2.02.180-10.el7_6.8.x86_64 already installed and latest version
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-50.el7 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: python-kitchen for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch
    --> Processing Dependency: libxml2-python for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 will be installed
    ---> Package python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: python-chardet for package: python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-1.el7_1 will be installed
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    ......
    Installed:
      yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-50.el7
    
    Dependency Installed:
      libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3                                 python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-1.el7_1                                 python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7
    
    Complete!

**5、设置yum源**

[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
    
    
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
    grabbing file http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
    repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

上面设置的阿里云的，国内能稍微快点。也可采用官方的地址：

[https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo][https_download.docker.com_linux_centos_docker-ce.repo]

**6，查看所有仓库中所有docker版本，并选择特定版本安装。**

[root@localhost ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
    
    
    
    - updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
      Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
      Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    - extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
      docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.7-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.6-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.5-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.4-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.3-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.2-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.1-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.0-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.3.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.2.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.1.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.0.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.3.ce-1.el7                    docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
      docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
    - base: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
      Available Packages

**7、安装Docker**

命令：yum install docker-ce-版本号，我选的是18.03.1.ce

[root@localhost ~]# yum install docker-ce-18.03.1.ce
    
    
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
     * extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
     * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package docker-ce.x86_64 0:18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: libseccomp >= 2.3 for package: docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: container-selinux >= 2.9 for package: docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: pigz for package: docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: libcgroup for package: docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: libltdl.so.7()(64bit) for package: docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: libseccomp.so.2()(64bit) for package: docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
    --> Running transaction check
    .......
    Total                                                                                                                                                                              2.2 MB/s |  36 MB  00:00:16
    Retrieving key from https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

**8， 启动Docker，然后加入开机启动**

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker
    
    
    Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

**9，验证安装是否成功**

[root@localhost ~]# docker version
    
    
    Client:
     Version:      18.03.1-ce
     API version:  1.37
     Go version:   go1.9.5
     Git commit:   9ee9f40
     Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:20:16 2018
     OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
     Experimental: false
     Orchestrator: swarm
    
    Server:
     Engine:
      Version:      18.03.1-ce
      API version:  1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
      Go version:   go1.9.5
      Git commit:   9ee9f40
      Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:23:58 2018
      OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
      Experimental: false

需要有client和service两部分才算成功！

其他：常用命令

*  docker ps 查看当前正在运行的容器
 *  docker ps -a 查看所有容器的状态
 *  docker start/stop id/name 启动/停止某个容器
 *  docker attach id 进入某个容器(使用exit退出后容器也跟着停止运行)
 *  docker exec -ti id 启动一个伪终端以交互式的方式进入某个容器（使用exit退出后容器不停止运行）
 *  docker images 查看本地镜像
 *  docker rm id/name 删除某个容器
 *  docker rmi id/name 删除某个镜像
 *  docker run --name test -ti ubuntu /bin/bash 复制ubuntu容器并且重命名为test且运行，然后以伪终端交互式方式进入容器，运行bash

[https_download.docker.com_linux_centos_docker-ce.repo]: https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo