Golang包管理工具（四）之go-modules的使用

r囧r小猫 2021-12-08 16:25 392阅读 0赞

> 本文个人博客地址：[https://www.huweihuang.com/golang-notes/introduction/package/go-modules.html][https_www.huweihuang.com_golang-notes_introduction_package_go-modules.html]

# 1. Go modules简介 #

`Go 1.11`版本开始支持`Go modules`方式的依赖包管理功能，官网参考：[https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules。][https_github.com_golang_go_wiki_Modules]

# 2. [go mod的使用][go mod] #

项目文件如下：

hello.go

package main
    
    import (
        "fmt"
        "rsc.io/quote"
    )
    
    func main() { 
        fmt.Println(quote.Hello())
    }

操作记录：

# 安装GO 1.11及以上版本
    go version
    go version go1.12.5 darwin/amd64
    
    # 开启module功能
    export GO111MODULE=on
    
    # 进入到项目目录
    cd /home/gopath/src/hello
    
    # 初始化
    go mod init
    go: creating new go.mod: module hello
    
    # 编译
    go build
    go: finding rsc.io/quote v1.5.2
    go: downloading rsc.io/quote v1.5.2
    go: extracting rsc.io/quote v1.5.2
    go: finding rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0
    go: finding golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c
    go: downloading rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0
    go: extracting rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0
    go: downloading golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c
    go: extracting golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c
    
    # 加载依赖包，自动归档到vendor目录
    go mod vendor -v
    
    # 命令输出如下:
    # golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c
    golang.org/x/text/language
    golang.org/x/text/internal/tag
    # rsc.io/quote v1.5.2
    rsc.io/quote
    # rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0
    rsc.io/sampler
    
    # 文件目录结构
    ./
    ├── go.mod
    ├── go.sum
    ├── hello  # 二进制文件
    ├── hello.go
    └── vendor
        ├── golang.org
        ├── modules.txt
        └── rsc.io

# 3. go mod的相关文件 #

## 3.1. go.mod ##

文件路径：项目根目录下

module hello
    
    go 1.12
    
    require rsc.io/quote v1.5.2

## 3.2. go.sum ##

文件路径：项目根目录下

golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c h1:qgOY6WgZOaTkIIMiVjBQcw93ERBE4m30iBm00nkL0i8=
    golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
    rsc.io/quote v1.5.2 h1:w5fcysjrx7yqtD/aO+QwRjYZOKnaM9Uh2b40tElTs3Y=
    rsc.io/quote v1.5.2/go.mod h1:LzX7hefJvL54yjefDEDHNONDjII0t9xZLPXsUe+TKr0=
    rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0 h1:7uVkIFmeBqHfdjD+gZwtXXI+RODJ2Wc4O7MPEh/QiW4=
    rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0/go.mod h1:T1hPZKmBbMNahiBKFy5HrXp6adAjACjK9JXDnKaTXpA=

## 3.3. modules.txt ##

文件路径：/\{project\}/vendor/modules.txt

# golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c
    golang.org/x/text/language
    golang.org/x/text/internal/tag
    # rsc.io/quote v1.5.2
    rsc.io/quote
    # rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0
    rsc.io/sampler

# 4. go mod的帮助信息 #

go help mod
    Go mod provides access to operations on modules.
    
    Note that support for modules is built into all the go commands,
    not just 'go mod'. For example, day-to-day adding, removing, upgrading,
    and downgrading of dependencies should be done using 'go get'.
    See 'go help modules' for an overview of module functionality.
    
    Usage:
    
    	go mod <command> [arguments]
    
    The commands are:
    
    	download    download modules to local cache
    	edit        edit go.mod from tools or scripts
    	graph       print module requirement graph
    	init        initialize new module in current directory
    	tidy        add missing and remove unused modules
    	vendor      make vendored copy of dependencies
    	verify      verify dependencies have expected content
    	why         explain why packages or modules are needed
    
    Use "go help mod <command>" for more information about a command.

## 4.1. go mod init ##

go help mod init
    usage: go mod init [module]
    
    Init initializes and writes a new go.mod to the current directory,
    in effect creating a new module rooted at the current directory.
    The file go.mod must not already exist.
    If possible, init will guess the module path from import comments
    (see 'go help importpath') or from version control configuration.
    To override this guess, supply the module path as an argument.

## 4.2. go mod vendor ##

go help mod vendor
    usage: go mod vendor [-v]
    
    Vendor resets the main module's vendor directory to include all packages needed to build and test all the main module's packages.
    It does not include test code for vendored packages.
    
    The -v flag causes vendor to print the names of vendored
    modules and packages to standard error.

参考：

*  [https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules][https_github.com_golang_go_wiki_Modules 1]
 *  [https://blog.golang.org/modules2019][https_blog.golang.org_modules2019]
 *  [https://blog.golang.org/using-go-modules][https_blog.golang.org_using-go-modules]

[https_www.huweihuang.com_golang-notes_introduction_package_go-modules.html]: https://www.huweihuang.com/golang-notes/introduction/package/go-modules.html
[https_github.com_golang_go_wiki_Modules]: https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules%E3%80%82
[go mod]: https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules#how-to-use-modules
[https_github.com_golang_go_wiki_Modules 1]: https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules
[https_blog.golang.org_modules2019]: https://blog.golang.org/modules2019
[https_blog.golang.org_using-go-modules]: https://blog.golang.org/using-go-modules