Git忽略提交规则

客官°小女子只卖身不卖艺 2021-11-11 08:32 474阅读 0赞

现在开源项目越来越多，Git使用越来越方便，用Git的人也越来越多。创建项目的时候，喜欢把日志，临时文件，项目编译的中间文件，引用的类库等等，这时就要设置响应的规则，来忽略这些文件。例如创建一个C\#项目，项目下面会有.vs，bin，obj等，这些都是不需要提交的需要忽略的，如何忽略呢？其实很简单，增加.gitignore文件就可以了，下面将详细说明C\#项目的忽视规则。

## 创建Git项目 ##

创建git项目，创建的时候有个.gitignore的选项，根据自己的需要选择需要忽视的文件，例如：java，python等，C\#的项目选择VisualStudio，因为创建的都是VS项目，这里面有需要C\#项目所忽略的设置。创建完项目之后，项目下面就有个.gitignore文件，这个文件是可以修改的。

## 忽视文件 ##

例如：忽视后缀是.suo，.user的文件，\*正式所有

*.suo
    *.user

## 忽视文件夹 ##

\[Dd\]用的是正则，匹配大小写d，两个\*\*表示匹配任意中间目录

[Dd]ebug/
    [Dd]ebugPublic/
    [Rr]elease/
    [Rr]eleases/
    **/[Pp]ackages/*

## Git忽略文件的原则 ##

1. 编译生成的文件，例如：dll，等  
2. 配置文件，敏感的信息（密码，口令）  
3. 项目工具生成的文件，例如：引用Nuget时生成的packages等  
4. 项目测试的文件，日志文件等。

## .gitignore忽略规则的匹配语法 ##

1. “\#"开头，是git上的注释说明  
2. 以"/"开头表示根目录，其他位置的“/”表示的是忽视目录  
3.“\*”匹配多个字符，“\*\*”匹配任意中间目录  
4.“\[\]”匹配中括号中的字符  
5.“!”表示不忽视,即：如果忽视某些文件，可以用!让这些文件在启用，如果文件夹的父目录被忽略了，那么这个文件在启用，也就没有什么用了。  
注意：git对于.ignore配置文件是从上到下进行规则匹配的，如果前面的规则匹配的范围更大，则后面的规则将不会生效；git上的忽视文件.ignore要在创建git的时候创建，如果是之后创建的，已经push过的，在忽视将不起作用，因为git已经开始管理这些文件了。

## .gitignore查看忽视文件和文件夹 ##

git check-ignore -v bin
     .gitignore:23:[Bb]in/   bin

查看忽视文件夹，可以看到，第23行的忽视规则把bin给忽视掉了，如果运行指令，没有返回值则表示没有忽视此文件或者文件夹的规则。

## git忽视已经上传的文件解决办法 ##

在使用git的时候，创建了一个.gitignore文件，但是后来发现有一个文件已经上传了，没有写忽视规则，但是又想这个文件【本地保存】，【远程删除】，例如：忽视已经上传的文件【test.txt】或者文件夹，用git rm -r –cached directory  
1. git rm -r --cached test.txt  
2. commit和push  
操作之后，你可以看到本地文件还在，远程的已经删除了

## VS项目忽视文件（C\#、.NET，MVC等） ##

## Ignore Visual Studio temporary files, build results, and
    ## files generated by popular Visual Studio add-ons.
    ##
    ## Get latest from https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/VisualStudio.gitignore
    
    # User-specific files
    *.suo
    *.user
    *.userosscache
    *.sln.docstates
    
    # User-specific files (MonoDevelop/Xamarin Studio)
    *.userprefs
    
    # Build results
    [Dd]ebug/
    [Dd]ebugPublic/
    [Rr]elease/
    [Rr]eleases/
    x64/
    x86/
    bld/
    [Bb]in/
    [Oo]bj/
    [Ll]og/
    
    # Visual Studio 2015/2017 cache/options directory
    .vs/
    # Uncomment if you have tasks that create the project's static files in wwwroot
    #wwwroot/
    
    # Visual Studio 2017 auto generated files
    Generated\ Files/
    
    # MSTest test Results
    [Tt]est[Rr]esult*/
    [Bb]uild[Ll]og.*
    
    # NUNIT
    *.VisualState.xml
    TestResult.xml
    
    # Build Results of an ATL Project
    [Dd]ebugPS/
    [Rr]eleasePS/
    dlldata.c
    
    # Benchmark Results
    BenchmarkDotNet.Artifacts/
    
    # .NET Core
    project.lock.json
    project.fragment.lock.json
    artifacts/
    **/Properties/launchSettings.json
    
    # StyleCop
    StyleCopReport.xml
    
    # Files built by Visual Studio
    *_i.c
    *_p.c
    *_i.h
    *.ilk
    *.meta
    *.obj
    *.iobj
    *.pch
    *.pdb
    *.ipdb
    *.pgc
    *.pgd
    *.rsp
    *.sbr
    *.tlb
    *.tli
    *.tlh
    *.tmp
    *.tmp_proj
    *.log
    *.vspscc
    *.vssscc
    .builds
    *.pidb
    *.svclog
    *.scc
    
    # Chutzpah Test files
    _Chutzpah*
    
    # Visual C++ cache files
    ipch/
    *.aps
    *.ncb
    *.opendb
    *.opensdf
    *.sdf
    *.cachefile
    *.VC.db
    *.VC.VC.opendb
    
    # Visual Studio profiler
    *.psess
    *.vsp
    *.vspx
    *.sap
    
    # Visual Studio Trace Files
    *.e2e
    
    # TFS 2012 Local Workspace
    $tf/
    
    # Guidance Automation Toolkit
    *.gpState
    
    # ReSharper is a .NET coding add-in
    _ReSharper*/
    *.[Rr]e[Ss]harper
    *.DotSettings.user
    
    # JustCode is a .NET coding add-in
    .JustCode
    
    # TeamCity is a build add-in
    _TeamCity*
    
    # DotCover is a Code Coverage Tool
    *.dotCover
    
    # AxoCover is a Code Coverage Tool
    .axoCover/*
    !.axoCover/settings.json
    
    # Visual Studio code coverage results
    *.coverage
    *.coveragexml
    
    # NCrunch
    _NCrunch_*
    .*crunch*.local.xml
    nCrunchTemp_*
    
    # MightyMoose
    *.mm.*
    AutoTest.Net/
    
    # Web workbench (sass)
    .sass-cache/
    
    # Installshield output folder
    [Ee]xpress/
    
    # DocProject is a documentation generator add-in
    DocProject/buildhelp/
    DocProject/Help/*.HxT
    DocProject/Help/*.HxC
    DocProject/Help/*.hhc
    DocProject/Help/*.hhk
    DocProject/Help/*.hhp
    DocProject/Help/Html2
    DocProject/Help/html
    
    # Click-Once directory
    publish/
    
    # Publish Web Output
    *.[Pp]ublish.xml
    *.azurePubxml
    # Note: Comment the next line if you want to checkin your web deploy settings,
    # but database connection strings (with potential passwords) will be unencrypted
    *.pubxml
    *.publishproj
    
    # Microsoft Azure Web App publish settings. Comment the next line if you want to
    # checkin your Azure Web App publish settings, but sensitive information contained
    # in these scripts will be unencrypted
    PublishScripts/
    
    # NuGet Packages
    *.nupkg
    # The packages folder can be ignored because of Package Restore
    **/[Pp]ackages/*
    # except build/, which is used as an MSBuild target.
    !**/[Pp]ackages/build/
    # Uncomment if necessary however generally it will be regenerated when needed
    #!**/[Pp]ackages/repositories.config
    # NuGet v3's project.json files produces more ignorable files
    *.nuget.props
    *.nuget.targets
    
    # Microsoft Azure Build Output
    csx/
    *.build.csdef
    
    # Microsoft Azure Emulator
    ecf/
    rcf/
    
    # Windows Store app package directories and files
    AppPackages/
    BundleArtifacts/
    Package.StoreAssociation.xml
    _pkginfo.txt
    *.appx
    
    # Visual Studio cache files
    # files ending in .cache can be ignored
    *.[Cc]ache
    # but keep track of directories ending in .cache
    !*.[Cc]ache/
    
    # Others
    ClientBin/
    ~$*
    *~
    *.dbmdl
    *.dbproj.schemaview
    *.jfm
    *.pfx
    *.publishsettings
    orleans.codegen.cs
    
    # Including strong name files can present a security risk 
    # (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/2483#issue-259490424)
    #*.snk
    
    # Since there are multiple workflows, uncomment next line to ignore bower_components
    # (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/1529#issuecomment-104372622)
    #bower_components/
    
    # RIA/Silverlight projects
    Generated_Code/
    
    # Backup & report files from converting an old project file
    # to a newer Visual Studio version. Backup files are not needed,
    # because we have git ;-)
    _UpgradeReport_Files/
    Backup*/
    UpgradeLog*.XML
    UpgradeLog*.htm
    ServiceFabricBackup/
    *.rptproj.bak
    
    # SQL Server files
    *.mdf
    *.ldf
    *.ndf
    
    # Business Intelligence projects
    *.rdl.data
    *.bim.layout
    *.bim_*.settings
    *.rptproj.rsuser
    
    # Microsoft Fakes
    FakesAssemblies/
    
    # GhostDoc plugin setting file
    *.GhostDoc.xml
    
    # Node.js Tools for Visual Studio
    .ntvs_analysis.dat
    node_modules/
    
    # Visual Studio 6 build log
    *.plg
    
    # Visual Studio 6 workspace options file
    *.opt
    
    # Visual Studio 6 auto-generated workspace file (contains which files were open etc.)
    *.vbw
    
    # Visual Studio LightSwitch build output
    **/*.HTMLClient/GeneratedArtifacts
    **/*.DesktopClient/GeneratedArtifacts
    **/*.DesktopClient/ModelManifest.xml
    **/*.Server/GeneratedArtifacts
    **/*.Server/ModelManifest.xml
    _Pvt_Extensions
    
    # Paket dependency manager
    .paket/paket.exe
    paket-files/
    
    # FAKE - F# Make
    .fake/
    
    # JetBrains Rider
    .idea/
    *.sln.iml
    
    # CodeRush
    .cr/
    
    # Python Tools for Visual Studio (PTVS)
    __pycache__/
    *.pyc
    
    # Cake - Uncomment if you are using it
    # tools/**
    # !tools/packages.config
    
    # Tabs Studio
    *.tss
    
    # Telerik's JustMock configuration file
    *.jmconfig
    
    # BizTalk build output
    *.btp.cs
    *.btm.cs
    *.odx.cs
    *.xsd.cs
    
    # OpenCover UI analysis results
    OpenCover/
    
    # Azure Stream Analytics local run output 
    ASALocalRun/
    
    # MSBuild Binary and Structured Log
    *.binlog
    
    # NVidia Nsight GPU debugger configuration file
    *.nvuser
    
    # MFractors (Xamarin productivity tool) working folder 
    .mfractor/

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhao123/p/11262540.html