Linux -- python安装步骤

梦里梦外; 2021-09-17 04:52 393阅读 0赞

# 安装软件 #

## rpm ##

# 安装
    rpm -ivh wget-1.12-10.el6.i686.rpm
    # 干掉
    rpm -e wget

## yum 安装 ##

### 设置镜像源 ###

### 1、备份 ###

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

### 2、下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/ ###

CentOS 5

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

CentOS 6

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

CentOS 7

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

### 3、之后运行yum makecache生成缓存 ###

yum makecache

## 安装命令 ##

yum [-y] install wget
    yum [-y] remove wget

# Python3安装 #

1.  安装开发工具包
    
        # 安装开发工具
        yum groupinstall "development tools" 
        # 装一些依赖包
        yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel expat-devel
2.  下载python3压缩包
    
        # https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-363/ 有下载地址
        wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tgz
        # 或者在windnows下下载好，拉到linux中
3.  解压
    
        # 解压文件
        tar -xvf Python-3.6.3.tgz
        # 进入到目录
        cd Python-3.6.3
4.  源码安装 三步走
    
        # 配置
        ./configure --enable-optimizations --prefix=/usr/local/python
        # 编译
        make
        #安装
        make install
        # 可以合成一步 make && make install
5.  如何执行python3
    
        # 第一种方式 创建软连接
        ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
        ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
        
        # 设置成 /usr/local/python/bin 设置成环境变量
        vim /etc/profile
        export PATH=新添加的路径:$PATH
        source /etc/profile

# virtualenv 使用 #

1.  安装
    
        pip3 install virtualenv
2.  创建
    
        virtualenv –p /usr/local/python/bin/python3.6 shop
3.  激活 让虚拟环境生效
    
        source /root/shop/bin/activate
4.  退出
    
        deactivate

# ipython 安装 #

pip3 install ipython

# python安装简化版 #

1.  安装gcc
    
        yum install gcc
        # 装一些依赖包
        yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel expat-devel
2.  下载安装包
    
        wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.7/Python-3.6.7.tgz
3.  解压
    
        tar -xvf Python-3.6.7.tgz
        cd Python-3.6.7
4.  源码安装三步走
    
        # 配置
        ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python
        # 编译
        make
        #安装
        make install
        # 可以合成一步 make && make install
5.  设置环境变量
    
        # 设置环境变量
        vim /etc/profile
        export PATH=新添加的路径:$PATH
        source /etc/profile
6.  安装ipython
    
        pip2 install ipython

# 命令补充 #

# 切换到codewen用户
    su codewen
    # 回到root用户
    su
    # 查看当前用户
    whoami