python3 [爬虫入门实战]爬虫之scrapy爬取织梦者网站并存mongoDB

女爷i 2021-06-10 20:42 466阅读 0赞

## 主要爬取了编程栏目里的其他编程里的36638条数据 ##

> 过程是自己一步一步的往下写的，有不懂的也是一边找笔记，一边百度，一边调试。

--------------------

> 遗憾：没有进行多栏目数据的爬取，只爬了一个栏目的数据，希望有想法的有钻研精神的可以自己去尝试爬取一下，难度应该不会很大。

给一张效果图：  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

> 爬取字段：**标题，标题链接，标题描述，发布时间，发布类型，发布tag**

爬取方式：主要是获取**div【pull-left ltxt w658】**下的内容，这个div还是有点复杂的？对于我而言吧。调试了多次，  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]

需要爬取的内容都在上面图片标记着了，

先上items里面的代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    # Define here the models for your scraped items
    #
    # See documentation in:
    # http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
    
    import scrapy
    
    
    class MakedreamItem(scrapy.Item):
        # define the fields for your item here like:
        # name = scrapy.Field()
    
        # 文章标题
        articleTitle = scrapy.Field()
        # 文章标题url
        articleUrl = scrapy.Field()
        # 文章描述
        articleDesc = scrapy.Field()
        # 文章发布时间
        articlePublic = scrapy.Field()
        # 文章类型
        articleType = scrapy.Field()
        # 文章标签
        articleTag = scrapy.Field()
        # pass

没毛病，我们继续接着上spider里面的代码，瞧仔细了。

# encoding=utf8
    import scrapy
    from makedream.items import MakedreamItem
    
    
    class DramingNet(scrapy.Spider):
        # 启动爬虫的名称
        name = 'draming'
        # 爬虫的域范围
        allowed_domains = ['zhimengzhe.com']
        # 爬虫的第一个url
        start_urls = ['http://www.zhimengzhe.com/bianchengjiaocheng/qitabiancheng/index_{}.html'.format(n) for n in
                      range(0, 1466)]
    
        # 爬取结果解析
        def parse(self, response):
            base_url = 'http://www.zhimengzhe.com'
            # print(response.body)
            node_list = response.xpath("//ul[@class='list-unstyled list-article']/li")
            for node in node_list:
                item = MakedreamItem()
                nextNode = node.xpath("./div[@class='pull-left ltxt w658']")
                print('*' * 30)
                title = nextNode.xpath('./h3/a/text()').extract()
                link = nextNode.xpath('./h3/a/@href').extract()
                desc = nextNode.xpath('./p/text()').extract()
    
                # 创建时间，类型，标签
                publicTime = nextNode.xpath("./div[@class='tagtime']/span[1]/text()").extract()
                publicType = nextNode.xpath("./div[@class='tagtime']/span[2]/a/text()").extract()
                publicTag = nextNode.xpath("./div[@class='tagtime']/span[3]/a/text()").extract()
                # node
                titleLink = base_url + ''.join(link)
                item['articleTitle'] = title
                # 文章标题url
                item['articleUrl'] = titleLink
                # 文章描述
                item['articleDesc'] = desc
                # 文章发布时间
                item['articlePublic'] = publicTime
                # 文章类型
                item['articleType'] = publicType
                # 文章标签
                item['articleTag'] = publicTag
                yield item

虽然我这次能成功爬取出来字段，不代表以后也一直可以通用，大家要学会灵活一下， 难道不是嘛。/kb

下载文件里面的我分别写了份存入mongodb 和 存入json文件里面的， mongodb的配置不是很难哦。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    # Define your item pipelines here
    #
    # Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
    # See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
    import json
    import pymongo
    from scrapy.conf import settings
    
    class MakedreamPipeline(object):
        def process_item(self, item, spider):
            return item
    
    
    class DreamMongo(object):
        def __init__(self):
            self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=settings['MONGO_HOST'], port=settings['MONGO_PORT'])
            self.db = self.client[settings['MONGO_DB']]
            self.post = self.db[settings['MONGO_COLL']]
    
        def process_item(self, item, spider):
            postItem = dict(item)
            self.post.insert(postItem)
            return item
    
    
    # 写入json文件类
    class JsonWritePipeline(object):
        def __init__(self):
            self.file = open('织梦网其他编程.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    
        def process_item(self, item, spider):
            line = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False) + "\n"
            self.file.write(line)
            return item
    
        def spider_closed(self, spider):
            self.file.close()

注意这里的settings的导入。

接下来我们看看settings里面的东西：  
主要是mongodb的东东吧，

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    # Scrapy settings for makedream project
    #
    # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
    # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
    #
    # http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
    # http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
    # http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
    
    BOT_NAME = 'makedream'
    
    SPIDER_MODULES = ['makedream.spiders']
    NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'makedream.spiders'
    
    
    # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
    #USER_AGENT = 'makedream (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
    # 配置mongoDB
    MONGO_HOST = "127.0.0.1"  # 主机IP
    MONGO_PORT = 27017  # 端口号
    MONGO_DB = "DreamDB"  # 库名
    MONGO_COLL = "Dream_info"  # collection
    # Obey robots.txt rules
    ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
    
    # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
    #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
    
    # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
    # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
    # See also autothrottle settings and docs
    #DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
    # The download delay setting will honor only one of:
    #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
    #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
    
    # Disable cookies (enabled by default)
    #COOKIES_ENABLED = False
    
    # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
    #TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
    
    # Override the default request headers:
    #DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { 
    # 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
    # 'Accept-Language': 'en',
    #}
    
    # Enable or disable spider middlewares
    # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
    #SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = { 
    # 'makedream.middlewares.MakedreamSpiderMiddleware': 543,
    #}
    
    # Enable or disable downloader middlewares
    # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
    #DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 
    # 'makedream.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
    #}
    
    # Enable or disable extensions
    # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
    #EXTENSIONS = { 
    # 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
    #}
    
    # Configure item pipelines
    # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
    ITEM_PIPELINES = {
       # 'makedream.pipelines.MakedreamPipeline': 300,
        'makedream.pipelines.JsonWritePipeline':300,
        'makedream.pipelines.DreamMongo':300
    }
    
    # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
    # See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
    # The initial download delay
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
    # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
    # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
    # each remote server
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
    # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
    
    # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
    # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
    #HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
    #HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
    #HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
    #HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
    #HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

接下来就是快到大结局了：

在当前项目下输入：scrapy crawl draming（爬虫名称） 就可以了。然后你就可以去看数据库，或者看到一个json文件的生成了。

> 给大伙瞧一下数据库。

![\#\# 标题 \#\#][SouthEast 2]

接下来是：根据别人的教程深入学习一下scrap进行全站的抓取吧，感觉这个难度还是要有的，（包括一些cookie，代理ip，user-agent的学习）

[SouthEast]: /images/20210529/d3df2fb5deab4a94ba4377aa21ab9dd6.png
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20210529/ed582d35283147418d6a55f1ba9cb542.png
[SouthEast 2]: /images/20210529/4d82116f499b4b5786179a7ca0a79f22.png